U.s. Relations Foreign Relations - 848 Words

U.S.-Ghana Relations U.S. involvement in Africa in general, Ghana in particular, has shown ebbs and flows according to a broad range of factors including, most notably, political stability, economic growth and safety measures. Probably, Obama s much-hyped visit to Ghana in 2009 is an indication of U.S.-Africa s dynamic relation that has historically been centered on aid. Ghana, a West African country, has witnessed a steady economic growth over recent years, and by virtue of her political stability achieved via fair and free elections, has managed to be home for a growing number of U.S. businesses. Departing from an aid-centered model of U.S.-Africa relations, Ghana is redefining her educational, economic and social relationships with U.S. True, U.S. remains a source of significant aid to Ghana. However, U.S. aid investments in Ghana are helping convert Ghana into an economy of increasing growing force not only regionally but also in the whole African continent. 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American Nurses A Qualitative Analysis - 3139 Words

American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis John Hagan University of Maryland School of Nursing American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis Abstract This summative report is the result of content analysis of post-designation questionnaires of organizations participating in the American Nurses Certification Center’s (ANCC) Pathway to Excellence ® program. The intention is to describe major themes found within the responses. The questionnaire included eight open-ended questions related to the Pathway to Excellence ® experience from an organizational and nursing†¦show more content†¦All Rights Reserved.) There are currently 129 health care organizations in the United States, Australia and Singapore that have completed designation from the Pathway to Excellence ® (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). A questionnaire is performed after designation to allow the health care organization an opportunity to convey perceived benefits, barriers, and lasting imprints from participating in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. The Pathway to Excellence ® Program touts 12 practice standards or core concepts that are nursing centered including the ability of nurses to control the practice of nursing and recognition of nursing for achievement (see Appendix A) (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). These standards have shown evidence of overall nursing satisfaction, which is a key influencer in nursing satisfaction and retention. Pella Regional Health Center provides a post-designation exemplar of participation in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. Key outcomes included that 99% of nurses felt a key part of quality improvement strategies, 96% felt they were a key part of changes to patient care standards, and 98% felt nurses were involved in professional development strategies (Drafahl, Beyer, Chow, 2012). The designation confirms a supportive nursing environment with a practice based on standards

American Nurses A Qualitative Analysis - 3139 Words

American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis John Hagan University of Maryland School of Nursing American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis Abstract This summative report is the result of content analysis of post-designation questionnaires of organizations participating in the American Nurses Certification Center’s (ANCC) Pathway to Excellence ® program. The intention is to describe major themes found within the responses. The questionnaire included eight open-ended questions related to the Pathway to Excellence ® experience from an organizational and nursing†¦show more content†¦All Rights Reserved.) There are currently 129 health care organizations in the United States, Australia and Singapore that have completed designation from the Pathway to Excellence ® (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). A questionnaire is performed after designation to allow the health care organization an opportunity to convey perceived benefits, barriers, and lasting imprints from participating in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. The Pathway to Excellence ® Program touts 12 practice standards or core concepts that are nursing centered including the ability of nurses to control the practice of nursing and recognition of nursing for achievement (see Appendix A) (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). These standards have shown evidence of overall nursing satisfaction, which is a key influencer in nursing satisfaction and retention. Pella Regional Health Center provides a post-designation exemplar of participation in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. Key outcomes included that 99% of nurses felt a key part of quality improvement strategies, 96% felt they were a key part of changes to patient care standards, and 98% felt nurses were involved in professional development strategies (Drafahl, Beyer, Chow, 2012). The designation confirms a supportive nursing environment with a practice based on standards

American Nurses A Qualitative Analysis - 3139 Words

American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis John Hagan University of Maryland School of Nursing American Nurses Credentialing Center Pathway to Excellence ® Post-designation Questionnaire 2012 to 2014: A Qualitative Analysis Abstract This summative report is the result of content analysis of post-designation questionnaires of organizations participating in the American Nurses Certification Center’s (ANCC) Pathway to Excellence ® program. The intention is to describe major themes found within the responses. The questionnaire included eight open-ended questions related to the Pathway to Excellence ® experience from an organizational and nursing†¦show more content†¦All Rights Reserved.) There are currently 129 health care organizations in the United States, Australia and Singapore that have completed designation from the Pathway to Excellence ® (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). A questionnaire is performed after designation to allow the health care organization an opportunity to convey perceived benefits, barriers, and lasting imprints from participating in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. The Pathway to Excellence ® Program touts 12 practice standards or core concepts that are nursing centered including the ability of nurses to control the practice of nursing and recognition of nursing for achievement (see Appendix A) (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2014). These standards have shown evidence of overall nursing satisfaction, which is a key influencer in nursing satisfaction and retention. Pella Regional Health Center provides a post-designation exemplar of participation in the Pathway to Excellence ® Program. Key outcomes included that 99% of nurses felt a key part of quality improvement strategies, 96% felt they were a key part of changes to patient care standards, and 98% felt nurses were involved in professional development strategies (Drafahl, Beyer, Chow, 2012). The designation confirms a supportive nursing environment with a practice based on standards

Shakespeares 10 things Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares 10 things Essay 1. Betrayal and revenge 2. Metaphors of death-King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Othello 3. Humor- A Midsummer Nights Dream, As You Like It 4. Pastoral settings- Ling Lear, A midnight Summers Dream 5. Madness and insanity- Othello, Midnight Summer?s Dream, King Lear 6. Reversal- the main character falls from a high place 7. Letters- King Lear, Merchant of Venice 8. Things are not as they appear- King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night?s Dream 9. The Father/Daughter Conflict-Midsummer, King Lear, Merchant of Venice 10. Justice- King Lear, Merchant of VeniceThe Father/Daughter Conflict- In Midnight Summers Dream, Egeus commands Hermia, his daughter, to wed Demetrius, whom she does not love. Against the advisement of the Duke Theseus, who recommends that, To you your father should be as a god, (Act I, Scene I, Line 48). Hermia wishes to marry Lysander. Egeus threatens his daughter with the penalty of death or exile. In The Merchant of Venice, Shylock?s daughter, Jessica, denies her f aith and steals from her father in order to marry Lorenzo, a man of whom she is unequally yoked. In King Lear, the title character, ruler of Britain, attempts to divide his kingdom according to the profession of love by his three daughters: Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. Goneril and Regan profess undying love choosing the most melodic words, while Cordelia is speechless at the task, stating:.Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth: I love your majesty According to my bond; nor more nor less. (Lines 93-95) King Lear becomes angry with Cordelia and banishes her. The other daughters begin to treat him viciously, Goneril slapping him at one point. Letters- Shakespeare uses letters as characters in the plays that serve to tie key factors together for cohesion and clarity. In the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare uses a letter from Antonio to bring the culmination of events to a head at the end of the play, setting the stage for the courtroom scene. Antonio writes, my ships h ave all miscarried(314) He tells his friend of his troubles and beckons him to come see him one last time as he ultimately gives his life for his friend?s debt. If Bassanio does not go to the court proceedings, then his wife Portia has no cause to be in the court scene, which leads to Antonio?s exoneration. The letter also serves as a vehicle to let the audience know once again that Shylock, ?The Jew? is the villain in the play. It is not by accident that he is mentioned in the letter in this way. In King Lear, Goneril plots to kill her husband through a letter to Edmund delivered by Oswald. Edmund frames his brother Edgar with a letter that appears to conspire to kill Gloucester, their father. It is here that the audience sees how conniving and calculated Edmund really is and there is no room for sympathy of the character. Things are not as they appear- Disguises are tools William Shakespeare uses to hide or mask inner and outer appearances. In The Merchant of Venice, disguises are used throughout the play by different characters for varied reasons. The ?lottery of the caskets? in Merchant of Venice is an excellent example the theme; Things are not as they appear. Portia?s suitors must choose from caskets of gold, silver, and lead in order to win her hand in marriage. The choice of the lead casket not only wins the fair Portia, but it is also indicate the suitor is intelligent and of substance: not superficial and materialistic. Raised as a Jew, Jessica disguises herself as a pageboy to cover up her identity and embark on a forbidden marriage to Lorenzo, a Christian. This act of defiance refuses her not only her religion, but also her father, Shylock, a Jewish usurer. At the introduction of Jessica?s character, the audience may be inclined to pity the daughter of the main villain in the play, who is accused of greed and usury; however, at a closer look, Jessica is found to embody the same greedy characteristics, indicated by her theft of a precious ring given to her father by her mother. While appearing meek and compliant, she is assertive and defiant, signified by not only the elopement but also the way the escape was orchestrated: vindictive and defiant. .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .postImageUrl , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:visited , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:active { border:0!important; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:active , .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3 .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77494f281ab65947bf1ae9eef59e93e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Causes Of The Great Depression EssayShakespeare opens King Lear with deception and disguise. Lear?s daughters, Goneril and Reagan, hide their contempt for their father under the guise of loving words. This, the inciting incident, sets the third daughter, Cordelia, up to either follow suit with the mal-intended flattery, or suffer banishment: she chooses the latter leading to the catastrophic events that follow. Shakespeare also uses disguises to give characters help from persons they would not normally accept aid from. This is the case when the Earl of Kent, in King Lear, disguises himself as Tom the Bedlam Beggar, and under this guise, provides protection from the mentally deteriorating Lear. In Midsummer Night?s Dream, Shakespeare explores the idea of exterior and form versus actuality and truth, made clear through the intermingling of characters. The fairies manipulate appearance and reality for their prankish pleasure planned primarily by Puck. Puck sprinkles love around loosely, turning lovers to loathers and vice versa. Reality is masked by deception. The characters do not know they are under a spell, and therefore their perception of reality is actually the deception of the fairies and their ill deeds. Justice- Shakespeare typically culminates his plays with justice being served to the villain. In King Lear, Gloucester alludes to the question of whether or not the world is just when he says, ?As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods; / They kill us for their sport.? The play ends with the wicked dying in the flesh or in their state of comfort. Some critics will argue that the play ends unjustly signified by the death of Cordeila. To those critics, I suggest that Cordelia?s life without her father would have been an unhappy one. She reflects in the first scene that it is this love and attachment that kept her celibate for so long. With the newly revived relationship and her father?s final recognition of Cordelia, she would not have been able to bear losing him again in the event of his demise. Although the image of Lear holding Cordelia seems horrific, it is actually quite pleasant to see that final image of him cradling Cordelia as a father would a beloved daughter. Shylock?s ill deeds do not go unpunished in The Merchant of Venice. The climactic courtroom scene where Portia tricks the Jew into submission give credence to Shakespeare?s theme of justice throughout each play. As the audience stomachs through each act, watching Shylock?s moods shift from rage to self pity and eventually to the brink of lunacy, they anticipate justice being served to the ill-famed character. The fact that Shakespeare uses a woman to mastermind and in effect hand over the sentence, cemented by the male judge, is another part of justice being served in that Jessica, Shylock?s daughter, was unable to stand up to her father and speak against his will.

The Ethics of Hacking

Introduction Modifying computer hardware and software with an objective other than the original purpose of the creator constitutes computer hacking. In computer networking, hacking also means manipulating network connections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Hacking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most computer hackers are self-taught, but they possess expert-level skills in a number of programming languages. Although a considerable number of hackers are driven by ulterior motives, many use their skills to solve problems. Some corporations hire hackers to join their technical staff. Their job is to find vulnerabilities in the company’s security system for patch-up before hackers with ulterior motives discover the flaws and exploit them (Computer Hacking, n.d.). Hacking skills can, therefore, be employed to prevent computer related crimes such as identity theft. Although hacking cam be used fo r good, the term is nowadays associated with malicious attacks on the web and other networks. Hackers use scripts which are used to manipulate data in a network connection to gain desired information. There are many ready scripts available online that can be used by inexperienced hackers. Experienced hackers can modify the scripts to come up with new methods of attacking network connections. While hacking can be wrong in many instances, it is still helpful. The big question is whether doing what can be considered wrong by parties such as corporations is still ethical when the very actions help other people, especially the consumers. History of hacking Early hackers as we understand them today can be traced to 1960s. They were primarily computer experts only interested in modifying programs to make them work better. In the majority of cases, the modifications developed by them were better than existing systems. UNIX operating system was a hack product by Dennis Ritchie and Keith Thom son (Computer Hacking and Ethics, n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1970, a new type of hacker called â€Å"phreakers† emerged who targeted telephone systems exclusively. They exploited the switching network of the telephone system to make long distance calls for free. 1980s was the turning point in the history of hacking. Introduction of personal computers led to the increase in the number of hackers as well as hacker targets were widened. Use of modems expanded hackers reach to include a lot of people. During this time, hacker’s philosophy changed from benign exploration to the pursuit for personal gain. This emerging breed of hackers consisted of young people who were not satisfied with the old hacker philosophy of freedom and technology. Beginning 1990s, a new type of hackers, who were different from earlier hackers, emerged and was bent on using their knowledge to achieve criminal ends (The Ethics of Hacking | Jonathan Zdziarski’s Domain, n.d.). They were involved in acts such as pirating and distributing proprietary software, virus, games, etc. Hackers even formed online gangs whose mission was to stealing sensitive and other classified information. This new development led to passage of laws that related to hacking. One such law was passed in 1986. The law criminalized tampering with a computer with the intention to acquire other people’s personal information. Hacking and cracking To most people, what they know as hacking is in fact cracking. Cracking is used to describe attacks on a computer network for selfish or malicious goals. Hacking applies to network manipulation for useful purposes. The two terms are, however, used interchangeably by many people outside the world of academia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Hacking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pa ge Learn More Common hacking techniques Hackers exploit weaknesses in a system which includes the following: Poor configuration of web servers Poor security controls Bugs in software Default password Poor choice password Other than use of scripts in hackings, unauthorized access of computer remotely can be done using computer worms and denial of service (DoS) attacks (Computer Hacking and Ethics, n.d.). Poor configuration and security control enable hackers to connect using unsecured WAPs. Complexity of software systems makes it impossible for developers to predict or simulate how the software would behave if the source code was slightly modified. A gifted hacker can get interesting results by interfering with source code. Reasons for ethical hacking Hacking has in recent years become a big problem. Big corporations and government facilities have borne the brunt of these attacks. All these cases, the motive of attackers was to steal information for personal gain. Et hical hacking has developed as a method of defense against hacking. Ethical hackers are security specialists who use hacking skills to discover vulnerabilities for patching before they are exposed and exploited by unethical hackers (Mathew, 2003). Many big corporations, government facilities, and educational institutions hold important information which if compromised, would lead to either loss of money, reputation, or important security information. As a result, considering the stakes, organizations are willing to go the whole hog to protect their data. As more and more corporations adopt IT as an integral part of their operation, ethical hacking will become even more important (Computer Hacking and Ethics, n.d.). Besides, it is projected that cyber attacks will continue to increase in the near future. Corporations nowadays have to contend with scrutiny emanating from regulatory procedures and fear for scandals, such as the Enron debacle (Harper, 2011). As a result, protecting info rmation assets is considered important and most corporations take proactive steps to institute protective measures. Maintaining confidentiality is, therefore, of paramount importance.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a world where attacks can occur anytime, the skills of an ethical hacker can be very useful. The Ethics of hacking In the early years of telephony, companies such as ATT were making huge profits by overcharging consumers for calls and related equipments. Through legislation, if was, for instance, illegal to plug in an equipment not made by ATT. This gave the company monopoly and perpetuated its dominance into the market. Nowadays, it may not be possible for corporations to maintain huge profits through draconian laws. Abnormal profits can still be maintained through use of Digital Rights Management (DRM). Using DRM, companies can lock out features to stifle competition. Hacking such devices helps in accessing locked features and keep manufacturers in check. In 1960s, ATT used legislation to prevent third parties from plugging in equipment other than their own into the phone jacks. Had the company used technology instead, people would have, in all probability, hacked phone jacks t o allow third party connections. Looking back, such kind of hacking could have enabled people to make calls at a cheaper price, but back then, their actions could have been unacceptable to ATT, as they would be losing revenue. In such a scenario, the ethical question is this: between the hacker and the company overcharging consumers, who is wrong and who is right? The hacker would have helped customers from exploitation, but such actions appear immoral. The Digital Millennium Act allows consumers to: Unlock their phones Fix vulnerabilities Undertake technical research This has solved the ethical dilemma about whether hacking to solve a technical problem exposing the user to danger is morally right. The government allows corporations to lock devices but also to unlock as long as the intention is good. Companies normally lock mobile devices to a certain network and sell the same at subsidized cost. This way, companies sell more units and also earn revenues from service contracts. Et hical hacking is close to investigative journalism. An ethical hacker posses technical skills to alter the function of a system, but has the discipline to so for morally right reasons. This hacker does more than just seek for the truth; he also takes action to correct wrongs or vulnerabilities. The ethical challenge is to differentiate between theft of services and corporate greed. A good example of corporate greed is where a phone manufacturer may, for example, disable a function and later charge customers to reactivate it. Considering increase in corporate greed, ethics of hacking demands that limitations that the manufacturer of a device may impose be completely justified. If that is not the case, a hacker perhaps has the right to re-enable such features that were disabled with the intention of exploiting the customer. The important question a hacker has to consider before hacking is whether a corporation is gaining by providing certain functionality or by restricting it. If this question cannot be answered, it is impossible to determine who is stealing from whom. Hackers are important because what they do expose technical details that others can use to make similar or better products. In doing so, they are helping maintain healthy competition which capitalism depends to remain healthy. As earlier noted, hacking can of course help improve devices. When apple iphone was released in 2007, it was an instant hit on the market. The hacking community started to work on it to expand the functionality of the device so that third party applications can install and run. After a short period of time, hacker community developed a compiler and many applications to run on iphones. The ability of iphone to be modified to accept third party applications has boosted sales iphone further. Later developments by Apple to play catch-up with the application developer community have been belated. What hackers did with iphone helped consumers and led to development much free softw are. Apple also benefitted because sales of their phones increased. In the case of apple, the act of hacking benefitted all parties. Hackers using the first iphones released in 2007 were able to identify glaring security vulnerabilities and immediately fixed them. The company was able to develop future versions that were more secure compared to the first iphone released in 2007. Although hacking in the case of Iphone made everybody happy, the question still remains whether doing so was ethical. End-user-agreements forbid acts aimed at tampering with the software of the device the customer is purchasing. Going by that agreement, hacking is therefore unethical. However, a more pertinent question that also arises is who owns the device. Is it the owner of the phone or the buyer? The two types of hackers (White Black) Black-hat hackers gain authorized access to a system to either steal data or do other illegal acts. White-hat hackers, on the other hand, use their hacking skills usefull y (Himma, 2007). They find security loopholes so that they can be patched up before they can be exploited for evil purposes. Conclusion Hacking to steal information or deface websites in criminal. However, hacking has other useful purposes. Many hackers lack the skills to damage network systems in a major way. Engaging an ethical hacker can help seal holes to stop low level attacks. But hacking is more complex than that. It’s used to develop third party applications for phones such as iphones. Ethics of hacking concerns itself with hacking that apparently benefits consumers, but manufacturers do not seem to harm manufacturers. References Computer Hacking. (n.d.). College of Education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Web. Computer Hacking and Ethics. (n.d.). Computer Science Division | EECS at UC Berkeley. Retrieved from https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/hackers.html Harper, A. (2011). Gray hat hacking: the ethical hacker’s handbook (3rd ed.). New Y ork: McGraw-Hill. Himma, K. E. (2007). Internet security: hacking, counterhacking, and society. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Mathew, T. (2003). Ethical hacking: student courseware. S.l.: OSB Publisher. The Ethics of Hacking | Jonathan Zdziarski’s Domain. (n.d.). Jonathan Zdziarski’s Domain | Scientist and occasional hacker. Author and occasional theologian. I invent stuff and wail on bass guitar. Twitter: @JZdziarski. Retrieved from http://www.zdziarski.com/blog/?p=33 This essay on The Ethics of Hacking was written and submitted by user Haylee Michael to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example A Review of Brave New World Essay A Review of Brave New World Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World A life truly lived What is a life truly lived? Can one be happy all the time? To truly experience all that life has to offer, one must be able to compare the good and the bad. To know what happiness is, one must know sadness and to appreciate the highs, one must overcome the lows. In Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, we can see that a life without both good and bad experiences is a flat line and does not complete a person. Bernard was not happy though he was a member of Brave New World, Helmholtz was incomplete though seemingly happy and actually chose a ‘less-than-ideal’ life while Linda thought she was happy, but when she tried to apply her lifestyle in a new environment, she was unsuccessful and eventually died of overdosing on the one thing she felt was making her happy. Bernard is an excellent example of the flaws in Brave New World’s philosophy. Brave New World prides itself on happiness, â€Å"Our civilization has chosen machinery and medicine and happiness. (Huxley, p 234) Though he is part of Brave New World, Bernard does not feel happy because of his height. â€Å"’He’s so ugly! ’ said Fanny. [†¦] ‘And then so small. ’ Fanny made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste. † (46) So we know Bernard was short but why should this make him unhappy? Is there not more to life than being tall and ‘perfectâ₠¬â„¢? â€Å"’He does look glum,’ said the Assistant Predestinator, pointing at Bernard Marx. † (53) Bernard feels inadequate and therefore feels sad and unfulfilled. He feels like he is not truly living so he rebels against his own society in different ways like, â€Å"[†¦] to say ‘No, thank you,’ and fend off the proffered tube of [soma] tablets. † (54) Eventually, Bernard becomes popular and feels happy however this is a superficial happiness that does not last very long. â€Å"In the end Bernard had to slink back, diminished, to his rooms and inform the impatient assembly that the Savage would not be appearing that evening. The news was received with indignation. The men were furious at having been tricked into behaving politely to this insignificant fellow with unsavory reputation and heretical opinions. † (173). This is, however, a different emotional time for Bernard so he is able to see another side of life and appreciate different circumstances for what they were. Life cannot be lived in a constant state of one emotion because then we would not know what other emotions feel like at all. Bernard could not truly live and experience life until he knew what both happiness and sadness were. To truly live life, we must appreciate it and to appreciate it, we must experience all of it. Helmholtz is another example of a life that has not been truly lived. Helmholtz, by every right should be exceedingly happy because he has everything going for him; he has good looks, he has great intelligence, he is very popular and he is, â€Å"[†¦] every centimeter an Alpha-Plus. † (67) However Helmholtz does not feel fulfilled even though he is happy. Helmholtz feels incomplete and even asks Bernard, â€Å"’did you ever feel, [†¦] as though you had something inside you that was only waiting for you to give it a chance to come out? Some sort of extra power that you aren’t using – you know, like all the water that goes down the falls instead of through the turbines? ’† (69) He feels like there is something more to life; something more than just being good at everything or being happy all the time. When it was decided that Helmholtz could no longer be part of Brave New World, he CHOOSES to go to a dismal place where, â€Å"[he] should like a thoroughly bad climate. † (229) Helmholtz understands that life is not all about perfection and asks for imperfection. He asks for hardships to fulfill his life. Helmholtz is a perfect example of a perfect life not being a life truly lived. One needs to know both the good and the bad to feel complete. Linda is yet another example of how a ‘perfect’ world view really is not perfect at all. Linda grew up in Brave New World and when she was left behind during her visit to the savage reservation, she did not know any other way of life so she tried to maintain her lifestyle. She believed, â€Å"the way they have one another here. Mad, I tell you, absolutely mad. Everybody belongs to every one else – don’t they? Don’t they? † This lifestyle did not make Linda happy at all. She was not living her life the right way and by extension was not living life at all because she only thought she was happy. Her lifestyle did not fit in with the culture in which she found herself and this made her unhappy since, â€Å"’nobody’s supposed to belong to more than one person. And if you have people in the ordinary way, the others think you’re wicked and anti-social. They hate and despise you [†¦]† (121). She also tried o continue in her consumerism mentality but this made her angry because, â€Å"it never used to be right to mend clothes. [†¦] Mending’s anti-social. But it’s all different here. It’s like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad. † (121) Linda tried to keep her ‘happy’ lifestyle but realized she was not really happy and then felt li ke life had left her no reason to live. She turned to mescal when she did not have the option of soma and when she finally did get back to her own world, she killed herself by overdosing on a happiness substitute while trying to escape her unhappiness. All Linda wanted was, â€Å"the return to soma, was the possibility of lying in bed taking holiday after holiday, without ever having to come back to a headache or fit of vomiting [†¦]† (154). Linda â€Å"took as much as twenty grammes a day [,] [†¦] [w]hich will finish her off in a month or two. † (154) Linda did not truly live her life and therefore felt like ending it was fine. You cannot live your life in one constant state of happiness or unhappiness and those who do, cannot cope with any changes. A life truly lived, is a life fully experienced. A life truly lived requires one to appreciate all the facets of life, love, happiness, sadness and all emotions, experiences and circumstances one could possibly know. Bernard, Linda and Helmholtz were all supposed to be happy but through their life experiences, found out they were not truly complete. Life needs excitement and excitement includes something changing; something different. We must all experience every emotion to appreciate all of life and all it has to offer. To truly live, we must experience and appreciate all that we can.

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example Web sites often have a www. sub-domain that points to the same content as the main domain. With session cookies our visitor has either accessed our site with the www. or they have accessed it without and so the fact that a cookie created for www.example.com is not accessible from example.com isnt going to matter. With first-party cookies, a visitor may very easily access our site the first time as www.example.com and the second time as example.com and so we want to create a cookie that will be accessible from both. Creating a Domain Level Cookie To make a cookie accessible from the entire domain including any sub-domains we just add a domain parameter when setting the cookie as demonstrated in this JavaScript example. You should, of course, substitute your own domain name for example.com (as example.com is a domain name specifically reserved for use in examples where it represents whatever domain name you are really using.) writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days) {var dt, expires;dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();document.cookie cnamecvalueexpires; domainexample.com;}

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Law Questions - Essay Example This is different from Public companies where the shares are offered on a public stock exchange (Beatty & Samuelson, 2007). Another advantage would be that to form a Private Limited Company the minimum requirement is to have members with an upper limit of 50. In contrast, public Companies require a minimum of seven members with an unlimited upper limit. They are currently three partners and this is enough to form a Private Limited Company. Changing the business to a Private Limited Company enables the business to be able to source for funds from a wider scope than before. They can still obtain funds from family and friends, but now come into consideration from financial institutions. Companies are able to obtain better loans as they tend to have better credit scores when compared with other forms of business like partnerships. This is similar to Public Companies. The main difference is that Public Companies can raise more funds since their books of account are open to the public. Thi s increases the chances of getting debt financing. In forming a company they will enjoy the benefits of having limited liability, Salomon vs. A. Salomon & Co Ltd (1897). A limited company is limited to the extent of the shares held by each individual shareholder. In the case the company winds up, the only claim creditors can have is to the extent of unpaid up share capital. This is because in law, a company is a legal entity in its own right and is separate from the shareholders (Shtein & Lindgren, 1984). This also enables a continued existence even with the incapacitation of a shareholder (Adams, 2008). In the previous partnership, any event leading to the incapacitation of a single shareholder would have led to winding up of the business. In case they would like to expand further, the upper limit of 50 members enables the company to source for more funds by allowing interested members to subscribe.

September 11th Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

September 11th - Essay Example This paper aims to examine the historic yet much-disputed event in a perspective that delves into the purported causes, outcomes, interpretations and analyses by various authorities leading to solve its mystery and to substantiate that it is, in fact, a purposeful act of terrorism. A Day of Terror It was just a typical busy day for Manhattan’s financial district until loud explosions roared and alarms reverberated all at once. The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center were burning, initial reports said. Succeeding news items revealed that it was a series of airplane crashes that hit the two building buildings due to hijacking operations. Few minutes passed when live broadcasts broke another story that another passenger airline crashed into The Pentagon, and a fourth one plunged into a field in Pennsylvania (a failed attempt to hit the White House of the Capitol); conclusions were drawn that the progression of incidents was actually a terrorist attack by suicide bombers. Author ities reported that there were no survivors from any of the flights and that almost 3, 000 people died due to the incident, including the 19 hijackers. The number accounted for 836 firefighters and police officers who showed up for rescue that doubled after a week. Additionally, it was noted that most of the casualties were American civilians and nationals from almost 100 countries (â€Å"In-depth: September,† 2007). Horrible and piteous scenes documented by videos and photographs of the incident could hardly describe the total magnitude of the catastrophic event during ‘nine eleven.’ The whole scope of damage did not only encompass the targeted structures which were deemed as symbols of American supremacy, it also included several buildings on the site that were destroyed or severely weakened such as related financial and business complexes, media outlets, government offices, a hotel, a church and pedestrian bridges. Furthermore, the attacks generated widespread disorder among news agencies, airline companies and airport facilities, security personnel, law enforcers and political leaders around the globe. For three days, all international civilian flights were prohibited to land on the U.S soil. Aircrafts already in flight were either turned down or rerouted to other airports in nearby countries. Such was the paranoia of the American government and the people during the time. Subsequently, the suspected attackers, of various nationalities, were identified. The Federal Bureau of Investigation determined the personal information of the passengers that boarded the planes and reckoned their identities and capabilities to carry out the despicable assault. It was found out that they formally attended American aviation schools, which qualified them to deliver the attack. On board American Airlines Flight 11 were Mohamed Atta, Satam al-Suqami, Waleed Alshehri, Wail Alshahri and Abdulaziz Alomari. Marwan Al-Shehhi, Ahmed Alghamdi, Hamza Alghamdi, M ohald Alshehri and Fayez Rashid were in United Airlines Flight 175. In American Airline Flight 77 were Khalid Almihdhar, Majed Moqed, Nawaf Alhamzi, Salem Alhamzi and Ani Hanjour. While, Saeed Alghamdi, Ahmed Alnami, Ziad Samir al-Jarrah and Ahmed al-Naznawi were able to pass airport scrutiny by behaving like ordinary passengers and boarded United Airlines F

Perspective Essay Example for Free

Perspective Essay Everyone can view perspectives differently and sometimes it is hard to understand another person’s perspective. Many people do the things they do because they feel that their perspective is the right one. Personally I believe that sometimes people do not want to look at the others personal perspective because they know that they are wrong with their own. In other words, some people know what they are doing is wrong and do not want to do anything to fix it. In my perspective of being angry with my friend, I was angered that my friend who had been living with me for a week during the summer was not picking up after himself. I had to clean up all of his messes and had to make sure that our living area was not in complete disarray. It angered me because I had to clean up after him as well as myself. I feel that he should have contributed at least a little bit to our situation. We were both away from our homes and were both in the same situation and he just relied on me to be his personal â€Å"maid.† My response to this situation that I was dealing with was that I was very short tempered, and I did not want to communicate with my friend as much. He got the hint that something was wrong, but he did not have any idea about what was wrong. I tried to just blow off the situation and see if he was going to eventually start helping out, but nothing changed. Finally, I opened my mouth and told him that he needed to start helping around the place. He got super offensive and he stated, â€Å"I thought that room service was cleaning our room.† Some people expect things in life, and my friend was one of these people. My perspective changed after I looked at how this kid grew up. He had his parents and his grandma do everything for him. From doing the dishes to taking out the trash, this kid had never done a chore in his life. Sometimes you just have to look at the other person’s personal background and look at how they were raised. Of course it was not the right way to being raised, but I couldn’t control what he was used to. Problems occur in perspective taking all the time because not everyone is raised the same. Many people come from different backgrounds and different societies. We all view things differently and based on the way we were raised. Sometimes your own perspective may not be the agreeable one, and that is the hardest thing to change, especially if you grew up with it.

Tobacco Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Tobacco smoking first started sometime in the 1400s. It was invented by natives in the Bahamas Islands. Instead of just pulling out a paper rolled cigarette, they had pipes. One end of the pipe was filled with burning tobacco leaves, while the other end of the pipe was where they inhaled the smoke. Many people all over the world today have been taken into this habit. Worldwide, there are approximately one billion smokers. This habit is extremely addicting because of a substance called nicotine found within each cigarette. Once a person is sucked into this dirty habit, it is hard for them to quit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smoke from a cigarette, consists of 100 million more harmful substances than the most polluted air. It also contains chemicals in it that many people don’t know of. Some of these chemicals include acetone (nail polish remover), ammonia (a household cleaner), cadmium (battery acid),and formaldehyde (preserves dead bodies). All of these chemicals are found in just one cigarette. These chemicals aggravate asthma and allergies by directly bothering the respiratory membranes. Because of this, it can trigger the production of excess mucus and cause sensitive airways in the lungs to tighten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tobacco smoking is the largest cause of death that can be prevented. Everyday, about a few thousand people die from this fatal death stick. This means that every eight seconds. This kills more people than the worst epidemic diseases. Tobacco even affects your physical appearance. It can make your skin wrinkled and older looking, cause your teeth to turn yellow, and give your breath and clothes a dingy odor. Researchers say that smokers who smoke 10-20 cigarettes a day live on an average of five years less than non-smokers. To look on the bright side, if smokers quit, it is possible that the damage done to the lungs can be repaired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cigarette smoke is so dangerous and so powerful that it can cause 17 different kinds of cancer. The cancer that is the most obvious and seen most often is lung cancer. Other places where cancer can sprout are in the throat, gullet, mouth, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, kidney and the bladder. Not only does tobacco smoke cause cancer, it can cause chronicle cough and bronchitis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, tobacco smoke doesn’t only cause many harmful and fatal diseases, but it also influences things like asthma, angina, hay fever, allergic rhinitis and shiver. Inhaling the smoke does a lot of harm to both

Language Policy Essay

LANGUAGE LEGISLATION: VOTER DRIVEN INITIATIVES Kelly M. Jefferson Grand Canyon University: SPE 523 July 23, 2012 The issue of language policy and the education of English language learners (ELLs) in this country has been hotly debated and widely contested. Students who enter our school systems without an understanding of the English language must attain not only conversational proficiency, but also academic literacy in English. Academic literacy is the foundation of school success and necessary for students to master content standards (Echevarria, Short, & Vogt, 2008).All parties agree that ELLs are federally entitled to a quality education once they join this country’s educational system. The debate stems from how to effectively teach students English and core content, simultaneously, in ways that ensure their success within the curriculum. Politicians and educators must also grapple with the dilemma of how to effectively educate non-native students, so as to facilitate their adequate proficiency on a myriad of statewide tests required of all pupils enrolled in public schools.ELLs are concentrated in the urban areas of states like California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, and New York, which have seen the largest influx of English learners within their schools (Boyle, Cadiero-Kaplan, & Peregoy, 2008). Students with limited English proficiency (LEP) made up almost ten percent of the K-12 public school student population in the 2004-2005 school year (Echevarria et al. , 2008). Spanish is the most prevalent primary language (L1) and is spoken by eighty percent of ELLs (Boyle et al. , 2008).In the absence of clear direction at the federal level on how to best prepare ELLs academically, many states have taken the matter into their own hands through various voter initiatives. Arizona, California, and Massachusetts are states that have attempted to solve these questions through ballot initiatives. The voters of each state overwhelmingly adopted a Structured Englis h Immersion (SEI) approach in which ELLs receive all content in English via a sheltering technique that allows learners to understand their instruction.The goal of SEI is language, literacy, and content learning exclusively in English. Each state elected to limit the amount of time ELLs are provided with language assistance to roughly one year, despite research findings that show students need at least five to seven years of language assistance to acquire the English proficiency required for successful academic participation (Boyle et al. , 2008). Arizona’s Proposition 203 was passed in November of 2000 and effectively repealed bilingual education laws in effect at that time.Proposition 203 required all students to be taught in English with the exception of those classified as† English Learners†. Designated pupils are instructed through sheltered English immersion programs (SEI) primarily in English, although a minimal amount of a child’s native language ma y be incorporated, when necessary (â€Å"www. ballotpedia. org†, 2012). Students who demonstrate a solid working knowledge of English are transferred out of the SEI program into a regular English classroom. Parents of identified ELL children have the ability to obtain a waiver that excuses their child from participation in the SEI program.Excused students are often taught English and other content via traditional bilingual education instruction or another recognized instruction method (www. ballotpedia. org, 2012). Parents are also entitled to recoup any actual and compensatory damages they incur as the result of school officials failing to comply with Proposition 203. The Massachusetts English in Public Schools Initiative, known as Question 2, is very similar to the Arizona law, in that Question 2 places a heavy reliance on SEI programs and lessens the availability and access to bilingual education programs.Passed in 2002, the law mandates that all public school children mus t be taught English. All content is delivered in English language classrooms (â€Å"www. ballotpedia. org†, 2012). Children whose native language is not English are educated using the SEI method with minimal access to their native language at their teacher’s discretion. Question 2 allows for children from diverse native language groups to be placed in the same classroom provided their English skills are of similar levels. The law does not affect students with physical and mental impairments in special education programs (â€Å"www. ballotpedia. org†, 2012).Question 2 differs from Arizona’s Proposition 203, in that if twenty or more students in any one grade level at a school obtain waivers that school must offer bilingual education classes in both the child’s native language and English or another type of generally recognized educational program. Question 2 contains some of the same provisions as Proposition 203, such as a parent’s right to sue school officials who obstruct its implementation. English learners in the state undergo annual standardized tests of their English skills and students in grades two and above take annual written standardized tests in English (â€Å"www. allotpedia. org†, 2012). California voters passed Proposition 227 by a huge majority in 1998. The law answered the question of how to educate English language learners in that state by putting in place a statewide SEI program and drastically eliminating access to bilingual education programs (Purcell, 2002). In sync with similar initiatives in Arizona and Massachusetts, Proposition 227 calls for the education of all children in English by being taught in English. The law allows LEP students one year of language assistance before they are mainstreamed into total English speaking classrooms.Each piece of legislation fails to consider the body of research that finds that nonnative speakers need anywhere from five to seven years of language in struction in order to attain a level of proficiency within a second language. The laws also neglect studies that prove that time spent learning in a student’s native tongue does not negate English language development, but enhances it due the transference of literacy skills from one language to another (Purcell, 2002). Also, within the pressurized and time constrained settings of many SEI programs, students are not granted the involuntary and often incidental tmosphere that language development often occurs in. Without necessary native language instruction amid an English language deficit, many LEP students have failed to attain the level of academic achievement and English language proficiency entitled to them. References Arizona english language education for children in public schools, proposition 203 (2000). (2012, February 28). Retrieved from http://ballotpedia. org/wiki/index. php/Arizona_English_Language. Boyle, O. F. , Cadiero-Kaplan, K. , & Peregoy, S. F. (2008). Rea ding, writing, and learning in ESL: A resource book for K-12 teachers.Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Echevarria, J. , Short, D. J. , & Vogt, M. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP Model. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Massachusetts english in public schools initiative, question 2 (2002). (2012, February 27). Retrieved from http://www. ballotpedia. org/wiki/index. php/Massachusetts_Question 2. Purcell, J. (2002). The foundations and current impact of california’s proposition 227. Retrieved February 28, 2012 from U. S Department of Education, Educational Resources Information Center: http://www. eric. ed. gov.

My Aim in Life to be a Doctor Essay

Different peoples have different goals in their life. There are various professions like engineer, teacher, scientist, lecturer , doctor etc. But for achieving our aims we have to work from the very beginning. We also have to work very hard in proper way. Because without working sincerely we can’t achieve our set targets in our life. But for all these things we have to know our strength and weakness. The strength in a subject must be kept in mind for choosing the right path of success. I searched my plus and minus side of intelligence and knew that I have a strong memory power. I score also well in science subject . Therefore I decided to become a Doctor. It is because I judged my strength and I gave priority to my choice. As I am a girl this profession is quite suit to me. I usually read science and it was just like my dream to be a doctor. Second reason- One day when I was going with my family to market for marketing. I saw a poor man begging for his son. I saw that his son was dying because of a disease. I don’t know what was the disease. From that day I determined I will become a doctor to help the needy and poor people. It is a very rewarding and satisfactory job. I know that becoming a doctor is not a very easy task. It is a long journey of study to become a good doctor. But I have confidence in myself to accomplish the target. A doctor is someone who can help ill people anywhere anytime and can give his family good cure for health. Doctors are very respected people . There are many types of doctors like eye-specialist, skin-specialist etc. I want to become a medical doctor. It is distant from surgical work. Surgical job is not my favorite one. Many more can be written about â€Å"the aim of becoming a doctor†. I will elaborate this one in my next essay.

The 4 Functions of Management

The 4 Functions of Management Free Online Research Papers The position that managers provide in planning, organizing, leading and controlling is an essential responsibility in any business. A manager must organize these functions in order to reach company goals and maintain a competitive advantage. Putting these plans into action requires forming groups as underlings must be directed to complete the plan, and the plans development must be directed by control. In order for these practices to succeed in an operational manner, an understanding must be reached concerning the basics in which these practices are in relationship to the business structure. (Bateman, Snell, 2007). The Four Management Functions: Planning Planning is the first tool of the four functions in the management process. The difference between a successful and unsuccessful manager lies within the planning procedure. Planning is the logical thinking through goals and making the decision as to what needs to be accomplished in order to reach the organizations’ objectives. Managers use this process to plan for the future, like a blueprint to foresee problems, decide on the actions to evade difficult issues and to beat the competition. (Bateman, Snell, 2007). Planning is the first step in management and is essential as it facilitates control, valuable in decision making and in the avoidance of business ruin. Wyeth has a global vision to lead the way to better health. Employees at Wyeth are committed to excellence and through Wyeth’ s clearly written Mission and Vision Statement, Wyeth must live by its values which clarify the company’s objectives and goals. Quality in the results that are achieved and how the results are reached doing what is right, respect for others, value those that lead and take pride in all they do, and the value of teamwork to reach common goals. The continuous use of a plan is imperative as Wyeth has divisions throughout the world. Planning allows Wyeth to be at the top of the pharmaceutical industry and a healthcare leader. Organizing In order to reach the objective outlined in the planning process, structuring the work of the organization is a vital concern. Organization is a matter of appointing individuals to assignments or responsibilities that blend together to develop one purpose, to accomplish the goals. These goals will be reached in accordance with the company’s values and procedures. A manager must know their subordinates and what they are capable of in order to organize the most valuable resources a company has, its employees. (Bateman, Snell, 2007). This is achieved through management staffing the work division, setting up the training for the employees, acquiring resources, and organizing the work group into a productive team. The manager must then go over the plans with the team, break the assignments into units that one person can complete, link related jobs together in an understandable well-organized style and appoint the jobs to individuals. (Allen, G., 1998). Organization is strong at Wyeth with the ability to be flexible, except change and search for new products, Wyeth’ s leadership provides needed direction for staff to achieve personal success that leads to organizational success. Managers at Wyeth are responsible for keeping communication lines open between departments to eliminate any issues from forming. Wyeth would not be a healthcare leader if there was little or no organization. Leading Organizational success is determined by the quality of leadership that is exhibited. A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader, says Gemmy Allen (1998). Leadership is the power of persuasion of one person over others to inspire actions towards achieving the goals of the company. Those in the leadership role must be able to influence/motivate workers to an elevated goal and direct themselves to the duties or responsibilities assigned during the planning process. (Allen, G., 1998). Leadership involves the interpersonal characteristic of a managers position that includes communication and close contact with team members. (Bateman, Snell, 2007). Managers at Wyeth are there to motivate workers to fulfill the goals of the company and out-perform their competitors. They as leaders have day to day contact with workers using open communication and are able to give direction individually as well as within teams, departments and divisions. Management is there to inspire subordinates to ‘step up to the plate’ and find innovative means to solve department problems. Authorizing staff to have the capability to deal with situations is a significant part of leading. (Allen, G., 1998). Controlling The process that guarantees plans are being implemented properly is the controlling process. Gemmy Allen stated that ‘Controlling is the final link in the functional chain of management activities and brings the functions of management cycle full circle.’ This allows for the performance standard within the group to be set and communicated. Control allows for ease of delegating tasks to team members and as managers may be held accountable for the performance of subordinates, they may be wise to extend timely feedback of employee accomplishments. (Allen, G., 1998). Department meetings are daily at Wyeth. Meetings are used to review the daily schedule, prevent problems and to ascertain when problems do exist in order to address and solve those that occur as quickly and as efficiently as possible. Control is the process through which standards for performance of people and processes are set, communicated, and applied. (Allen, G., 1998). Controls are placed on Wyeth employees by requiring the completion of daily responsibilities and adherence to Wyeth’s SOP’s and guidelines, by possibly taking disciplinary action when necessary. Managers and supervisors are given work performance evaluations that are a form of control as it connects performance assessments to rewards and corrective actions. Evaluating employees is a continual process that takes place regularly within the company. (Allen, G., 1998). Importance of Management Planning The four functions of management planning, organizing, leading and controlling, assume a great worth in the success of any business every day. (Bateman, Snell, 2007). In all organizations, each employee’s individual contribution to the success of the company is of enormous importance as the company’s goals would not be met and success would not be reached. Even with room for improvement, Wyeth has the appropriate functions of management in position to be a long-term success. References 4 Functions of Management Bateman, T. S. Snell, S. (2007). Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World (7th ed., pp. 16 -18). McGraw Hill. Bateman, T.S. Snell, S. (2004). Management: The New Competitive Landscape, (6th ed., pp.13). McGraw – Hill Allen, G. (1998). In Supervision. Retrieved May 27, 2007, from http://ollie.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/contents.html Research Papers on The 4 Functions of ManagementThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperLifes What IfsRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of India

Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey

Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey Oprah Gail Winfrey was born in 1954 in rural Mississippi, the child of a love affair between Vernon Winfrey and Vernita Lee. Her parents never married, and Oprah spent much of her youth being shuttled between various relatives. From her troubled childhood, Oprah Winfrey has grown into a household name, achieving success as a talk show host, actress, producer, publisher, and activist. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. Oprah Gail WINFREY was born on 29 Jan 1954 on in the small town of Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi to Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE. Shortly after her birth, her mother Vernita moved north to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and young Oprah was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee. At age six, Oprah left Mississippi to join her mother in Milwaukee. After several troubling, neglected years with her mother and half-siblings, Oprah moved again at the age of 14 to join her father in Nashville, Tennessee. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Vernon WINFREY was born in 1933 in Mississippi. 3. Vernita LEE was born in 1935 in Mississippi. Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE were never married and their only child was Oprah Winfrey: 1 i. Oprah Gail WINFREY Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. Elmore E. WINFREY was born 12 March 1901 in Poplar Creek, Montgomery County, Michigan and died on 15 October 1988 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi 5. Beatrice WOODS was born on 18 February 1902 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 1 December 1999 in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi. Elmore WINFREY and Beatrice WOODS married on 10 June 1925 in Carroll County, Mississippi, and they had the following children: i. Lee W. WINFREYii. Brister WINFREYiii. Marie WINFREY2. iv. Vernon WINFREY 6. Earlist LEE was born about June 1892 in Mississippi and died in 1959 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. 7. Hattie Mae PRESLEY was born about April 1900 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 27 Feb 1963 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. Earlist LEE and Hattie Mae PRESLEY were married about 1918 and had the following children: i. Susie LEE was born about 1920.ii. Hal LEE was born about 1922.iii. Willis S. LEE was born about 1925.iv. Hubert LEE was born about 1928.3. v. Vernita LEE

Competing Through Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Competing Through Marketing - Assignment Example zed basis to a point where additional promotions expenditures are already yielding diminishing returns; an agreement that has been spread all over states that markets should form good foundations that will help and bring forth successful marketing strategies and major activities (Baines, Fill and Page 2009, p217). The main purpose of market segmentation is basically to leverage scarce resources; more so it ensures that the major elements of marketing mix, distribution, promotions, products and prices are designed in a very special way that helps them meet the particular desired needs of different various customer groups. Organizations have very finite resources that do not allow them to produce possible products basically for all the people at all the times; normally the best thing that they aim at is basically to provide selected offerings for the selected groups of people and this is mostly most of the times. The process permits the organizations to focus on the particular consumer’s needs, in the most effective and efficient mode. The concept of market segmentation is associated with the product differentiation. Aiming at different market segments requires adaptation to a number of variations that need to be offered to satisfy those segments. If one adapts to a different version of providence, this may appease the different market segments (Baines, Fill and Page 2009, p218). A good example is the section of fashion retailing in which one might adapt clothing range so that the skirts are the most colorful, utilize lighter fabrics, and a very small hemline – this fashion style is most likely to appeal the younger women. If one decides to appeal the older women, then one might be required to change the skirts styling by utilizing darker heavier fabrics which have a long hemline. This is the strategy that was used by Marks and Spencer (M&S) to attract the young female shopper to their M&S stores and offer competition directly with Next and Debenhams for the

Negotiation Post 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation Post 3 - Essay Example Therefore there are usually several contract negotiations. There is a particular one that I was involved in and it has always stuck in my mind. A new manager had been appointed at a certain club and he met with a certain player to inform him that the club would not be renewing his contract. The manager had a preconcieved idea about the players at the club. His view of them was that of spoilt kids who threw the toys out of their prams simply to get attention. On a certain player, he thought him to an egotistical individual who thought he was God’s gift to football and the manager was out to put him into his place. Maybe the manager prior to the talk with the player should have read Stuart Diamond’s Getting More and would have known that he should approach such negotiations differently. He had a certain way of negotiating and he stuck to it. Although this is good because then it means he has a plan and a formula which he follows, it could also work against him because not every situation is the same and he came to learn this soon. Negotiation requires one to adapt to different situations and different people, it is therefore not advisable to be rigid. Having some form of flexibility could go a long way in determining the success of the negotiations. During the talk the player informed the manager that he had the utmost respect for him and would respect any decision he made. He also said that he was willing to work hard to win the manager’s faith and to prove himself worthy of being chosen to play. To cut the long story short, the manager was very impressed by the player’s humility and respect and the manager was disarmed by his charm. The manager had come prepared for a shouting match that he was determined to win but the player took a different route completely. The player did not put on a facade, he was very candid and was himself. During the negotiations I

Organizational Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Ethics - Essay Example In most cases in an organization, unethical behavior is normally as a result of the subordinates actions. In order to foster a decision making and ethical climate in an organization, it is important for the concerned manager to create and give enough freedom to the workers. As a result, the workers are likely to exhibit more loyalty to the organization and this makes them less prone to unethical behavior such as theft. The results of a study carried out by Graham indicate that employees are more likely to be attracted to and more committed to ethical organizations. As a manager in an organization, I would devote valuable employee time into training on ethical reasoning and ethical behavior; I would insist that ethical conduct should be exhibited even in the midst of aggressive competition. This would play a critical role in creation of a positive reputation in the organization. It would also enhance ethical climate as well as improving the decision making process. Unethical behaviors are very prominent in business settings and they include a wide variety of different activities. Myer (123), states that there are limitless reasons as to why many people and organizations exhibit unethical behavior. However, the most prominent ones relate to ones personality and the ethical frame work an individual holds. This is due to the fact that the frame work may conflict with the ethical frame work that the organization holds. In reference to the outlined and recent scandals, any individual is likely to fall into them. Therefore, this does not exempt me as a person, mainly due to the fact that I also hold unto some ethical frame work which would conflict with what others and the organization hold. It is therefore wise to devise ways in which to manage the potential ethical pitfalls in any organization, business, and company. To start with, individuals in prominent positions in an organization should encourage ethical consciousness in a concerned and supportive manner. Secondly, a clear policy in writing should be allocated to all individuals involved; they should carefully read and sign against it to indicate that they have clearly understood the terms and conditions and that they are ready to abide by the requirements. This would play a critical role in promotion of ethical behavior. In most instances, the personal ethics of leaders either positively or negatively impact the ethical behavior of an organization. They therefore play a big role in determining the kind of ethical behavior that is portrayed in an organization. In relation to the leaders, my ethical frame work may either positively or negatively influence my organization. Myer, Craig. Contemporary Business. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2000. Week 4 # 4 The framework for ethical decision making process includes 10 stages which have been grouped into 5 steps (Greg 65). It provides a well defined direction in which one is expected to follow in order to achieve the best results during decision making process and formulation of ethical behavior. The first step involves recognition of an ethical issue in which the facts are collected. Evaluation of alternative actions follows up whereby a decision and a test are made. Lastly, one is expected to

Are Criminals Born Or Made At Birth Criminology Essay

Are Criminals Born Or Made At Birth Criminology Essay What causes or contributes to criminal behaviour within an individual is very difficult to explain because there are many different theories around this issue. Some scientist such as Cesare Lombroso which begun Scientific Criminology believed that individuals are biologically predisposed to criminal behaviour (Male Crime and Deviance pg.5).Later others followed such as Ernest Hooten and William Sheldon which differentiated criminals from non criminals from certain feature such as mixed coloured eyes or reddish hair.( Male Crime and Deviance pg.6). Although these theories where discredited because of prejudices and methodological weakness it led the way to other forms of theories such as the heredity -Genetic theory , the XYY Chromosome theory, and brain and neurological dysfunction theories . Other researchers do not believe that criminal behaviour is derived biologically, they believe that things like a persons cultural surrounds, their genes and their environment predisposes them t o criminal behaviour. As a result criminals, these researchers strive to prove that individuals are a product of their environment and surroundings. Therefore the main purpose of this essay is to draw from certain theories to assist in explaining the fact that individuals are biologically predisposed to criminal behaviour. The thought that individuals were born criminals originated in nineteenth century Italy, with Italian physician Cesare Lombrosos book entitled LUomo Delinquente. Throughout his book he discussed scientific criminology which was influenced by Charles Darwins theory of evolution (Male Crime and Deviance pg.5). Lombroso proposed that some people were biologically predisposed to criminal behaviour or born to commit crime, he also believed that criminals were products of atavism or biological throwbacks to earlier genetic forms (Male Crime and Deviance pg.5). Concept of Atavism Lombrosos general theory suggested that criminals are distinguished from noncriminals by multiple physical anomalies (CBS Interactive Inc 2010).For his examination he used Italian prisoners and army personnel. He advanced that criminals and noncriminal could be differentiated by physical stigmata-such as large lips, flat nose, and certain shapes of the skull-as well as such preferences as tattoos or involvement in orgies (Male Crime and Deviance pg 6). Although his theory was later rejected it led to different physicians such as Ernest Hooten who began to expand on Lombrosos scientific criminology theory. He attempted to explain male criminality by using body type theories in his 1939 book entitled Crime and the Man. Which explained that criminals could be indentified by mixed eye colour, reddish hair also that tall heavy men were most likely murders (Male Crime and Deviance pg.6)? William Sheldon soon followed in 1940 when he systematically showed a correlation between body type and juvenile delinquency (Male Crime and Deviance pg. 6). He describes three body types which were endomorphics, ectomorphics and mesomorphics, which each related to a certain personality or temperance trait. Mesomorphics were characterized as muscular, hard, assertive, aggressive, and active. These types were believed to be the most likely to participate in crime (Male Crime and Deviance pg. 6). Although all of thes e theories were later rejected because of methodological weaknesses they opened the door to many other theories regarding biological criminality Theories such as the heredity -Genetic Theory, the XYY Chromosome theory and also Hyperactivity and Antisocial behaviour theory support the fact that individuals are biologically predisposed to crime. They also differentiate from past theories because they are scientifically based rather than bias and racist. For example the heredity genetic theory supported by biological theorists such as Richard Dugdale and Henry Goddard explain that male crime and abnormal behaviour are due to the genetic transmissions of certain mental or physical characteristics from generation to generation (Male Crime and Deviance pg.6). While other researchers found that certain biological characteristics such as low birth weight and other prenatal problems predispose some children to delinquency and criminality. Therefore making it clear in this theory that some i ndividuals have certain biological characteristic that make them immune to criminal behaviour. The XXY chromosome theory is different from the heredity -Genetic theory, but it also supports the fact that criminals are born and not made. Researchers have discovered a genetic abnormality in some males, where as the normal chromosome count for a male is XY some males had an extra Y (XYY) which was found to be associated with aggressive and violent behaviour (Male Crime and Deviance pg. 9) Among many other theories there is also the brain and neurological dysfunction and their effects in behaviour. Some research has found abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of brain activity in criminals and delinquents, associating it with violent and aggressive behaviour, destructiveness, limited impulse control, and weak social adaptations. (Male Crime and Deviance pg.11)Also persons diagnosed with ADHD have been found to be at risk for a number of deviances and abnormal conditions including delinquency, criminality, feelings of worthlessness, psychiatric morbidity, unemployment, fam ily dysfunction, and suicide (Male Crime and Deviance pg. 11).Among many other theories these help explain alternative roots of the problem involving criminals. While there are many theories that support the fact that individuals are born into criminal behaviour, others do not believe that this is a valid answer .Therefore contribute criminal behaviour to other factors such as sociological, genetics and biological theories. In terms of sociological theories there are many different theories, for example the social reaction theory which is also known as the Labelling Theory conducted by Howard S. Becker in 1963. It explained that when a person commits a crime they will receive the label of a criminal, and when a person is labelled as such by society they are likely to accept this label as part of them. Now that the person now thinks of themselves as a criminal they will continue their criminal behaviour (Zomba Inc 2010). Although this theory is a very good theory, it does not really hold up because unlike biological theories which discuss the root of the problem this theory does not . Reason being that the theory neglects the process of becom ing defiant in the first place, the act of primary defiance. It does not do a good job at describing the primary part of deviancy such as murder, which is often a primary example of classic defiance (Arasite 2010). Among many of those theories there is also the differential association theory which was supported by most criminologist and socialist, this theory states that crime like crime like other kinds of behaviour, is learned. The theory points out the general conditions under which there are likely to be more than less criminal behaviour learned and thus a greater likelihood that the person will acquire a set of definitions that are more favourable to criminal activities than noncriminal ones. Furthermore, the theory states that criminality is a social rather than antisocial activity (Male Crime and Deviance pg.27). Although this is an excellent theory which tried to explain criminal behaviour there are many shortcomings, one is its inability to be validated through empirical testing because of a lack of clarity in its definitions and terminology. Also it failed to explain the origin of crime and delinquency or outline the nature of the learning process Male Crime and Deviance pg.27). While some theorists focus on sociological theories to explain crime and criminals other focus on the genetics revolving around this issue. One example of this is the Testosterone and Male Offending theory. Much of the research has found a positive correlation between high levels of testosterone, male violence, and aggressive behaviour. Early studies focused on testosterone in prisoners. L. E. Kreuz and R. M. Rose found that levels of testosterone were significantly higher in offenders with a history of violent behaviour than offenders whose histories were nonviolent (Male Crime and Deviance pg. 10). Although this is a fine theory it failed to find a concrete correlation between testosterone and criminality. There is also the Machismo and Males theory which is an important concept in masculinity and its relationship to male violent and aggressive behaviour. Machismo has been particularly associated with the criminality of Latino men. Many experts attribute their victimization and sexual abuse or the macho male, suggesting that violence against women is more likely to be a product of machismo-oriented cultures than cultures that favour more equality of the sexes (Male Crime and Deviance 34).therefore Machismo appears to be rooted in Hispanic communities sense of family and cultural isolation. Although some believe that criminals are manufactured by genetics and society, others believe that criminals are a product of their environment which includes such things as poverty, education, parenting practises and family structure. Many studies have been conducted that believe that the percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high (Christian Association for Prison Aftercare 2010). This is defined as individuals living at half of the federal poverty line. Sociologist and criminal justice scholars have found a direct correlation between poverty and crime. Therefore it is believed that individuals resort to crime only if the cost or consequences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained.  Ã‚   The logical conclusion to this theory is that people living in poverty are far more likely to commit property crimes such as burglary, larceny, or theft (Christian Association for Prison Aftercare 2010). Although this theory may be true it does not relate to everybody, therefore there are many short comings, and much controversy among this theory. While some scholars believe this theory to be true others believe that poverty does not have a causal relationship to crime because there are countries in which poverty is very high but the crime rate is relatively low (Christian Association for Prison Aftercare 2010). There are many other theories among them is the child abuse and neglect theory, which is the relationship between child abuse, neglect, delinquent and serious or violent criminal behaviour has been strongly documented on the literature. The act of being violated gives these vulnerable young people a street-ready repertoire of violence; they know how to kick because they have been kicked, they know how to stab because they have been stabbed, they know how to torment and humiliate because they have experienced the same (Telegraph Newspaper 2008). For example Brandt Steele cited research in which more than 80 percent of the juvenile offenders had a history of being abused, with 43 percent recalling being knocked unconscious by a parent. Martin Haskell and Lewis Yablonsky held that juvenile detention facilities are filled with offenders who were victims of child abuse. Similarly, self report data on prisoners indicate a high percentage had been physically or sexually abused during childh ood (Male Crime and Deviance pg.42). In spite of this persuasive associated between child abuse and deviant behaviour, not all researcher agree that the two are necessarily interrelated (Male Crime and Deviance pg.42). Factor or reasons for delinquency and crimes are often very difficult to explain because there are many different theories and concepts around this issue that each takes a different stand. Some scientist such as Cesare Lombroso believed that some people are biologically predisposed to criminal behaviour (Male Crime and Deviance pg.5). His theory although filled with weakness gave the ground for other theorist to follow but also put their own spin on it such as Ernest Hooten and William Sheldon. Although these theories where discredited because of prejudices and methodological weakness it lead the way to other forms of theories such as the heredity -Genetic theory , the XYY Chromosome theory, and brain and neurological dysfunction theories . Although these theories may be very convincing other researchers did not believe that criminal behaviour was derived biologically. They believed that things like a persons cultural surroundings, their genes and their environment predisposes them t o criminal behaviour. Therefore the main purpose of this essay was to draw from certain theories to assist in explaining the fact that individuals were biologically predisposed to criminal behaviour

hemophilia Essay -- essays research papers

Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder. People who have hemophilia have a deficiency or an absence of a coagulation protein. A blood clotting factor is deficient or absent. Bleeding is most often into joints, such as the knee, elbow, or ankle, but bleeding can occur anywhere in the body. People with hemophilia bleed longer, not faster. The severity of hemophilia varies greatly. Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B are the most common genetic bleeding disorders. Hemophilia A is observed in 80 percent of hemophiliacs and is a deficiency or absence of Factor VIII. It can also be referred to as "classic" hemophilia. In the second most common, hemophilia B, factor IX is missing. This is also known as the "Christmas Disease" because of the surname of the first patient studied. Hemophilia was identified as early as biblical times. Doctors in medieval times were familiar with it as well. In 1803, a Philadelphia doctor published the first description of hemophilia in the United States. But it was not until 30 years later that hemophilia became widely recognized. Hemophilia later developed a reputation as the "royal disease" because it passed from Queen Victoria of England to her descendants throughout the royal houses of Europe. About eighty percent of all cases of hemophilia have an identifiable family history of the disease; in other instances, it may be attributable to a spontaneous mutation. Researchers recently discovered that the spontaneous mutation of the factor VIII gene in two children was due to the attachment of a foreign "jumping gene" that disrupted the blood-clotting ability of the factor VIII gene. Inheritance is controlled by a recessive sex-linked factor carried by the mother on the X chromosome. A probability of one in two exists that each boy born to a normal male and a carrier female will be hemophiliac and the same chance that each girl of this union will be a carrier. Of the children of a hemophiliac male and a normal female, all the girls will be carriers and all the boys will be normal. Males cannot transmit the disability, and female carriers are free of the disease. Conventional wisdom suggests that 1 in 10,000 males in the United States have hemophilia. However, increased research and focus, on bleeding disorders in general and on bleeding disorders in women specifically, suggest a shift in what... ...h factor VIII replacement therapy is best for them. Inhibitors are proteins called antibodies that are made by our immune system to defend us from harmful disease. When our immune system identifies a foreign substance, it makes antibodies that will specifically recognize that substance and destroy it. In some individuals with severe hemophilia, the factor VIII replacement therapy is identified as a foreign substance by their immune system. If this happens, their immune system will make antibodies against factor VIII. These antibodies will inhibit the ability of the factor to work in the clotting process. The higher the antibody or inhibitor level, the more factor VIII replacement therapy it takes to overcome the inhibition and produce clotting. This can complicate the treatment of a bleed. The good news is that there are different types of therapies available to successfully treat most individuals who develop inhibitors. Work Cited Louis Levine, B.S., M.S.Ed., A.M., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biology, City College of New York. "Hemophilia," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Slashes in culture Essay

Three plays that explore clashes between cultures are Wole Soyinka’s â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman,† Tony Kushner’s â€Å"Angels in America,† and Anna Deavere Smith’s â€Å"Fires in the Mirror. † In general, these three plays depict and illustrate how conflicts between two cultures arise due to differences in beliefs and practices, among others. However, while these plays are similar in that they depict conflicts between cultures, they also show these clashes differently from one another. In â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman,† the plot is mainly set in Nigeria at a time when the country was still a British colony. The focus is on Elesin, the horseman of the Yoruba tribe Chief. Since the chief died, Elesin must follow Yoruba tradition and commit a ritual suicide as his spirit is highly important in helping the Chief’s soul to pass through the afterlife. Otherwise, the Chief’s spirit will wander the earth forever and bring misfortune to the Yoruba people. The play sets the tone for a clash between culture when the British ruler of the Nigerian colony, Mr. Pikings intervenes and prevents Elesin from taking part in the ritual suicide at the very last minute. Basically, Mr. Pikings viewed the ritual as barbaric and illegal under British laws. Since the suicide ritual is integral to the Yoruba tribe, the people were thrown into pandemonium, which eventually resulted in Elesin’s son Olunde, commiting suicide in order to restore honor to his family and restore order to the tribe. Ultimately, Elesin commits suicide himself in order to compensate for the consequences of his actions. Evidently, in the play â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman,† the clash between two cultures is vividly illustrated in the differences in customs and traditions between the Nigerian tribe Yoruba and their British colonizers. On the side of the Nigerians, a tradition of committing ritual suicide is necessary for the maintenance of order among the tribe while on the side of the British, the said ritual is considered brutal and illegal. Meaning to say, the Nigerian people, being a colony of Britain, had no choice but to follow the rule of their superiors. The difference between the practices of the two cultures resulted not only in two deaths in the Yoruba tribe but chaos among the tribe. On the other hand, in the play â€Å"Angels in America,† the conflict between two cultures is mainly shown in the different sexual orientations of the characters. Generally, most of the play’s characters are gays. Although it is not shown that gays are mistreated in the play, it is the relationships between the characters and their issues with themselves that depict the clashes between cultures. For one, most of the characters in the play are afraid of revealing their sexual orientation. This indicates that homosexuality is not fully accepted in the play’s society, which creates a virtual clash between gays and straights. This is evidenced by one scene in which Roy Cohn, a straight-male and top-class lawyer in the play, was enraged upon finding out that Joe Pitt, one of this best subordinates, is a gay. One notable symbol that play utilizes is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In the play, Prior Walter and Roy contract AIDS. After discovering their illness, they suddenly feel isolated from the world as evidenced by events in their life—Prior is left by his lover Louis Ironson and Roy is disbarred as a lawyer. Roy, who is not a gay, is also shown to be in denial of his illness and claims that he has liver cancer instead of AIDS. He also believes that AIDS is only associated with gays, which symbolizes another form of clash between two cultures. In short, in the play, two cultures are virtually presented: Roy represents the straight group of men who hates anything associated with homosexuality such as AIDS while Prior represents the gays. Although homosexuality is not a true culture per se, its various practices such as the sexual intercourse between two men, among others, has enabled it to become more or less a culture of its own. Another form of clash between two cultures shown in the play is the social prejudice against or blacks. In the play, the blacks are epitomized by Belize, who is a registered nurse who cares for Prior and Roy. However, Roy, being the racist that he is, treated Belize with the same disdain and dislike he has for gays. In short, it can then be said that the central conflict between the two cultures in the play revolves around the characters differences in sexuality or sexual preferences and practices. Finally, in the play â€Å"Fires in the Mirror,† the chief conflict between cultures is the clash between the Jews and the blacks or African-Americans. The conflict is traced to an accident in which a Jew lost control of his vehicle and ran over a seven-year old black child named Gavin Cato. This caused tension between Jews and the blacks in a place called Crown Heights, which eventually resulted in violence, riots, and the murder of Yankel Rosenbaum, who is a Jew. Notably, the play is not a straight-forward type wherein scenes are played out by people with different roles. Rather, it consists of monologues by 26 different characters that witnessed or saw the Crown Heights, with each providing their own perspective or view of the conflict between the cultures. These various perspectives fuse to form a multi-faceted and deep account of the tension between the Jews and Blacks and also form the central conflict of the play. Basically, the 26 characters that had monologues belong to different races and cultures. Meaning to say, in their accounts of the events of in Crown Heights, their opinions and comments are most likely biased depending on which race or culture they belong to or which side they are on. For example, the Anonymous Young Man # 2, one of the 26 characters in the play, claimed that all blacks are only rappers, athletes, or murderers and robbers. Likewise, Sonny Carson, an activist on the side of the Jews, commented that the Jews were second to the police in showing their hatred for blacks. On the other hand, Reverend Al Sharpton, an advocate of black civil rights openly criticized the discrimination against African-Americans by the Jews. Carmel Cato, the father of the murdered black boy, also lambasted the social prejudice against blacks and claimed that the Jews were running the show. Meaning to say, the conflict between the two cultures in the play is illustrated through a battle between the Jews and the blacks, which was started by a car accident that killed a boy. However, it is evident that even the white race, such as members of the police, favored the Jews over the blacks, which added further tension in the already growing conflict between the two cultures. It can then be argued that this play showed a very superficial difference in cultures. Over-all, the three plays differ in their depiction of cultural diversity and conflicts between cultures in terms of the nature of the conflict and the source of the clashes. In â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman,† the tensions between cultures were spawned by differences in traditions and practices. On one side, these practices are considered sacred while on the other, they are viewed as primitive and illegal. In â€Å"Angels in America,† the conflict between cultures arises from differences in sexuality or sexual orientation. It mainly involved one side freely accepting his homosexual nature and another side utterly despising everything associated to being gay. Lastly, in â€Å"Fire in the Mirror,† the clash between the two cultures was rooted from a single accident that could have been easily resolved but was instead worsened by stereotypes and racial advocates. Evidently, â€Å"Death and the King’s Horseman† showed a classic form of culture conflict while â€Å"Angels in America† depicted a conflict between sub-cultures. On the other hand, â€Å"Fires in the Mirror† showed a more personal and superficial side of a clash between cultures.